File:Five Myr Climate Change.svg

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Summary

DescriptionFive Myr Climate Change.svg	reconstruction of the past 5 million years of climate history, based on oxygen isotope fractionation (serving as a proxy for the total global mass of glacial ice sheets). See the discussion below for a summary of the methods and models used. Català: Reconstrucció dels darrers cinc milions d'anys de la història del clima, basada en el fraccionament d'isòtops d'oxigen (que serveix com a proxy de la massa global total de les capes de gel glacials). Русский: Реконструкция истории климата за последние пять миллионов лет на основе значений δ¹⁸O. Эта величина, производная от отношения изотов кислорода ¹⁸O и ¹⁶O (см. δ¹⁸O (en)), выступает в роли заменителя (прокси) глобальной температуры. Note that the resolution of the graph has suffered in the conversion from png to svg. Use the original png if possible. Also note that in 2010, User:SeL media switched the orientation of the time axis and the vertical axes, apparently without discussion, and some descriptions of the image may refer to the older version, resulting in confusion of 'right' and 'left' in the image.
Date	2005 (svg file 2009-02-07)
Source	svg-version of Five_Myr_Climate_Change.png; original image by User:Dragons flight, based on data (figure 4?) from Lisiecki and Raymo (2005)
Author	Dragons flight (Robert A. Rohde), svg by Jo
Permission (Reusing this file)	This figure was prepared by Robert A. Rohde based on published data and is incorporated into the Global Warming Art project.
Other versions	Five_Myr_Climate_Change.png, Derivative works of this file: Five Myr Climate Change-ml.svg, Five Myr Climate Change (de), Five Myr Climate Change (fr) File:Five Myr Climate Change.svg has 3 translations. Catalan English Russian

Discussion

This figure shows the climate record of Lisiecki and Raymo (2005) [1] constructed by combining measurements from 57 globally distributed deep sea sediment cores. The measured quantity is oxygen isotope fractionation (δ18O) in benthic foraminifera, which serves as a proxy for the total global mass of glacial ice sheets.

Lisiecki and Raymo constructed this record by first applying a computer aided process of adjusting individual "wiggles" in each sediment core to have the same alignment (i.e. wiggle matching). Then the resulting stacked record is orbitally tuned by adjusting the positions of peaks and valleys to fall at times consistent with an orbitally driven ice model (see: Milankovitch cycles). Both sets of these adjustments are constrained to be within known uncertainties on sedimentation rates and consistent with independently dated tie points (if any). Constructions of this kind are common, however they presume that ice sheets are orbitally driven, and hence data such as this can not be used in establishing the existence of such a relationship.

The observed isotope variations are very similar in shape to the temperature variations recorded at Vostok, Antarctica during the 420 kyr for which that record exists. Hence the right hand scale of the figure was established by fitting the reported temperature variations at Vostok (Petit et al. 1999) to the observed isotope variations. Hence, this temperature scale should be regarded as approximate and its magnitude is only representative of Vostok changes. In particular, temperature changes at polar sites, such as Vostok, frequently exceed the changes observed in the tropics or in the global average. A horizontal line at 0 °C indicates modern temperatures (circa 1950).

Labels are added to indicate regions where 100 kyr and 41 kyr cyclicity is observed. These periodicities match periodic changes in Earth's orbital eccentricity and obliquity respectively, and have been previously established by other studies (not relying on orbital tuning). For discussion of how such orbital changes might drive climate change, see Milankovitch cycles.

References

Lisiecki, L. E., and M. E. Raymo (2005), A Pliocene-Pleistocene stack of 57 globally distributed benthic δ¹⁸O records, Paleoceanography, 20, PA1003, doi:10.1029/2004PA001071; data: doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.704257. — bundled as {{cite DOI|10.1029/2004PA001071}}
Petit J.R., Jouzel J., Raynaud D., Barkov N.I., Barnola J.M., Basile I., Bender M., Chappellaz J., Davis J., Delaygue G., Delmotte M., Kotlyakov V.M., Legrand M., Lipenkov V., Lorius C., Pépin L., Ritz C., Saltzman E., Stievenard M. (1999) Climate and Atmospheric History of the Past 420,000 years from the Vostok Ice Core, Antarctica, Nature, 399, pp.429-436, doi:10.1038/20859.

Licensing

Image from Global Warming Art

This image is an original work created for Global Warming Art. Please refer to the image description page for more information.

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled GNU Free Documentation License.

	This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license.

	You are free: to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work to remix – to adapt the work Under the following conditions: attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. share alike – If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same or compatible license as the original.
	This licensing tag was added to this file as part of the GFDL licensing update.CC BY-SA 3.0truetrue

Dragons flight's Temperature Record Series

This figure is part of a series of plots created by Dragons flight to illustrate
changes in Earth's temperature and climate across many different time scales.

Time Period: 25 yrs | 150 yrs | 1 kyr | 2 kyr | 12 kyr | 450 kyr | 5 Myr | 65 Myr | 500 Myr

For articles related to this topic see: Temperature record

File history

Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.

	Date/Time	Dimensions	User	Comment
current	20:06, 6 January 2024	1,024 × 372 (68 KB)	Ivsetaki	Added a Russian translation.
	14:58, 4 October 2023	1,024 × 372 (61 KB)	EnjolrasXXI	File uploaded using svgtranslate tool (https://svgtranslate.toolforge.org/). Added translation for ca.
	13:45, 18 July 2010	1,024 × 372 (55 KB)	SeL media	time axis reversed
	22:16, 7 February 2009	1,024 × 372 (51 KB)	Jo Weber	some minor fixes
	21:42, 7 February 2009	1,025 × 393 (50 KB)	Jo Weber	Changed text to path
	21:39, 7 February 2009	1,025 × 393 (32 KB)	Jo Weber	{{Information \|Description=svg-version of Five_Myr_Climate_Change.png \|Source=see below \|Date=2009-02-07 \|Author=Dragons flight, svg by Jo \|Permission=see below \|other_version